Social Cognitive Theory Main Concepts Essay - 1471 Words

Social Cognitive Theory Main Concepts: According to the Social Cognitive Theory, people learn by observation and modeling behavior. Albert Bandura developed the social cognitive theory in 1986. Bandura believes that people obtain knowledge and how to function by modeling behavior from others by interacting with others. The main highlight of his theory is that people learn by observation, imitation and modeling behavior within the social environment (Merriam, 2014)). Individual remember the consequences associated with individual behavior and used this information to guide subsequent behavior. For example, an observed action elicits an instinctive drive to model the behavior. Although the social learning theory states that people learn by observation, learning does not always lead to aggressive behavior. The social cognitive theory (SCT) integrates interaction between behavior, personal factor, cognition and environment which is referred to as the â€Å"reciprocal causation modelâ⠂¬  However, Bandura does not suggest that these three factors contribute to behavior (Bandura, 2012). Andragogy: On the other hands, andragogy is a theory developed by Malcolm Shepherd Knowles in 1980’s. Andragogy focuses on the science of adult learning and self-directive learning. The main highlights of this approach are self-concept, learner experience, readiness, orientation, and motivation. In self-concepts, as a human matures they move from being dependent towards self- directedShow MoreRelatedHow Do the Major Theories of Child Development (Known as the ‘Grand Theories’) Explore the Importance of Social Experiences?1675 Words   |  7 PagesHow do the major theories of child development (known as the ‘grand theories’) explore the importance of social experiences? Social experiences play a vital role in the development of children. Theories of child development have been created to help us to understand how children’s minds develop, taking into account the differences between cultures around the world. Some of these theories explore the possibility that children gain knowledge, develop new concepts and bridge new ideas through interactionRead MoreTheories of Development: Cognitive Theory and Behaviorism Essay example958 Words   |  4 PagesOff the five developmental theories, I would like to describe and explain two grand theories, Cognitive theory and Behaviorism. The main concepts of cognitive theory focuses on the developmental process of thinking and how this process affects our actions, attitudes, beliefs and assumptions through a life span. Jean Piaget, Swiss biologist and proponent of cognitive theory, developed a general thesis of cognitive theory; he divided the developmental process of thinking into four stages. He saidRead MoreThe Theories Of Personality And Social Cognitive Theory1628 Words   |  7 Pagespersonality and the theories that lie within in it. The three main theories of personality are; the Trait Approach, the Humanistic Approach and the Social Cognitive Theory. The trait approach focuses on the differences and the interaction of different personality traits that create an individuals personality; the main theorists for the Trait Approach are Costa and Mccrae. The Humanistic Approach focuses on the way an individual behaves and why they behave in that way; the main theorists for the humanisticRead MoreThe Social Of S ocial Cognitive Theory1591 Words   |  7 PagesThe Social Cognitive Theory is perhaps the most comprehensive and complex learning theories in the field of psychology. The theory attempts to explain how our social environment has a great influence on our behaviors and actions. Albert Bandura is the most notable psychologist of the Social Cognitive Theory. He has conducted intense research and experiments for over 50 years and continually strives to improve the strengths and correct the limitations of the theory. The Social Cognitive Theory is appliedRead MoreCognitive Theory And Cognitive Theories1211 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive Development Learning Theory which is a theory in the Development Across the Life Span. Development involving the ways that growth and change in intellectual capabilities influence a person or some ones behavior. Major Proponents, Jean Piaget. Physical and Cognitive development tie together in ways and it is important to understand both. Cognitive theory tries to understand your thought process, this theory has been used to explain mental thought processes as they are influenced by bothRead MoreEssay on Social Cognitive Theory1586 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Cognitive Theory Nowadays, many people both young and old tend to engage in health compromising behaviors. Some of which include: alcohol abuse, drug abuse, smoking, and the specific topic interest condom use, or maybe in this case condom non-use. From these particular behaviors a question poses: Why do people engage in health compromising behaviors? There are in fact many theories or processes that can give explanations to this particular question. One theory that can be relatedRead MoreSocial and environmental variables affect cognitive development. Cognitive development focuses on1300 Words   |  6 PagesSocial and environmental variables affect cognitive development. Cognitive development focuses on the person’s ability to intellect, perceive and process information. (35589) defined the cognitive ability as the process in which people learn, think and use language; it is the progression of their mental capacity from being irrational to rational (35589). Piaget and Vygotsky are two cognitive theorists whom were interested in the cognitive development of a person across their life span and its relationRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Human Development1337 Words   |  6 Pagesof Human Development Paper #1 The concepts and theories of human development are important for a school counselor to have knowledge on. Knowledge on these topics can aid the counselor in better understanding the circumstances of their students. There are three main developmental sections which will be discussed in this paper. Those three include physical development, cognitive development, and social development. Each section contains multiple theories and concepts that would be beneficial to schoolRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives That Define Social Psychology1727 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Social psychology is the study of the nature and causes of human social behavior. There are five main theoretical perspectives that define social psychology. Role, cognitive, symbolic interaction, evolutionary, and reinforcement theory are the five theoretical perspectives that help understand human social behavior. However, each theoretical perspective examines different approaches and play different roles in social psychology. Some of the theories that make up social psychology takeRead MoreCompare And Contrastusing Apa Style. Nori Mosqueda Rivera.1010 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will talk about theories of Piaget and Vygotsky in which similarities and differences in their theories will be discussed. At the end of this paper, you will be able to understand the differences and the and similarities between both famous educators. If we take a brief look and compare Piaget s Theory with Vygotsky Theory we will see that Piaget Theory was a Constructivist Theory, while Vygotsky Theory was a Sociocultural Theory/Social Development Theory. In this paper you will get

Federalism Is The Division Of Powers Between A Central...

Federalism is the division of powers between a central government and regional governments. The United States have a federal system of government where the states and national government practice the seperation of powers system within their own scopes of authority. The Fourth Amendment protects the right of the people against unreasonable searches and seizures†. The Fourth Amendment, spoke to the importance of federalism as a mechanism to secure liberty for the American people. State courts would be responsible for determining if the searches were conducted with reasonableness, giving the government the closest to the people the most say in such matters. Regarding privacy rights there have been positive and negative impacts throughout history. A conflict ensued between two groups (Federalists and Anti-Federalists) before the new constitution could be ratified. Negotiations between two groups: Federalists, who preferred a strong central government and Anti-Federalists, who preferred state’s rights, finally agreed to adopt the Bill of Rights. These amendments deal with freedom of speech and religion, right to bear arms, right to jury trials, right to due process, right to compensation if property is seized for a public purpose, right to privacy in so far as it bars an illegal search of one s premises and possessions, and states rights. The Fourth Amendment protects the right of the people against unreasonable searches and seizures†. The Fourth Amendment, spokeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Federalism1371 Words   |  6 PagesFederalism Federalism is a widely accepted system of government in North American cultures. To many North Americans it seems to be the obvious choice for all world governments, but this is not the case. In all honesty, federalism is a fairly unique form of government. 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Male Versus Female Free Essays

The battle of the sexes has been going on since the beginning of mankind. Women were once stereotyped as mere housewives, and the men were labeled as breadwinners. Over time, the title given to the so-called weaker sex has evolved up to par with that of men. We will write a custom essay sample on Male Versus Female or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, they almost stand on equal footing as them. When it comes to leadership though, I believe that females outshine their male counterparts in almost every measure. According to Rochelle Sharpe (2003), it has been approximately twenty-five years since women have started pouring into the labor force and have been trying to be more like men in every way. They now wear power suits and go out on golf luncheons with board executives, but despite them doing all the copying, new research is beginning suggest that men ought to be the ones doing more of the imitating. As discovered in an in-depth performance evaluation conducted on the year 2002 by Hagberg Consulting Group in Foster City, California – out of the four hundred twenty-five high-level executives that were evaluated, the women executives got higher ratings on fourty-two of the fifty-two skills measured. Despite all of this growing progress for females everywhere, it is still obvious that men have continued to dominate a majority of the business world. According to the Labor Department, as of the year 2004, only two of the nations five hundred biggest companies have female CEO’s and of the one thousand largest corporations, only six were being run by women. The reason for this male dominance is simply because women are not given an equal stand as men when it comes to job opportunities. Some businesses view women only as workhorses, or in a sense that they are well suited for demanding careers in middle management, but not for prime jobs. As a result of this, most women get stuck in jobs that involve human resources or public relations – posts that rarely lead to the top. (Sharpe, 2003) Both men and women have different styles of leadership, and the actual difference lies between how much listening is done. When it comes to women, they are naturally more open about sharing information and take the time to communicate with people and to hear what their inputs are. It is through this that they are able to gather more information that they can effectively analyze then implement into a plan that uses the best of the ideas presented. On the other hand, men do not take time to stop and smell the flowers – instead, they have the tendency to go straight to their point of view and present it in a ‘as a matter of fact’ manner. This way, they save time and have everyone agreeing to their plan of action. Well this is because men are not as flexible or willing to interact with others. (Grenberg, 2004) As a result, male leaders may actually tend to force their perspective and use their position influence others. Despite this being the quicker way of getting things done in a non-sloppy manner, it ironically does not make it as efficient as the way the opposite sex works. The manner that females work is by most of the time, simply listening. They take the initiative to gather ideas, research, and so forth from the people they are working with. They do not force their ideas on them, but rather, improve them with teamwork. It is because of this that they are able to produce better outputs and are more effective leaders than males. From the very start, women have often been associated with being a mother figure; therefore, even female leaders tend to be seen more as caring mothers rather than strong-willed heads. In relation to this, there are companies who assume that people skills are not business skills, which basically undermines their strengths. (Fletcher, 2002). Men though, are then associated with being the breadwinners of the family – a person who knows how to lead. Male leaders are seen as powerful members of society who have a good head on their shoulders and are tough enough to handle anything that comes their way. The notion that women are not as tough, is only something that is assumed. Although the majority may not be as physically strong as their counterpart, they are on the same level in terms of intellect. Women are associated with mothers, which means that they know how to take care of those working for them. Because they know how to deal with the most energetic of children, they can put their motherly instincts into motivating people – they are gifted with inborn people skills. According to the book Disappearing Acts: Gender, Power and Relational Practice at Work, written by Joyce Fletcher in 2002, employees that feel cared about by their bosses or are inspired by them, often produce higher-quality work; and supervisors who know how to deal with conflicts get better results. The conclusion can only be that by taking care of their employees, they are not only taking charge of them subtly but producing greater output in the process. In the present, the number of women that posses high-ranking positions may only add up to a mere fraction of the male population in the same position but it does not prove that the latter is more competent but rather that the former is being viewed as incompetent. The never-ending bias against female leaders has been going on forever, but they have been fighting back little by little. Women have come a long way from being a gender with no equality with the other sex, a gender that had no rights to vote, and a gender that had been stereotyped as a housewife. They have fought hard all these decades, and still continue to fight for the equality that they deserve. But despite the evident inequality, I still believe that female leaders outshine their male counterparts in almost every measure. How to cite Male Versus Female, Papers